The Effect of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture on Organizational Commitment in Mediating Organizational Cynicism
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(1) Prayudha Bangun Wicaksono
Universitas Islam Indonesia
Indonesia
(2) * Muafi Muafi
Universitas Islam Indonesia
Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
This study discusses and analyzes the effect of transformational leadership and organizational culture on organizational commitment mediated by organizational cynicism on employees at the Shirvano Consulting Yogyakarta company. The population and sample in this study are 31 respondents who are startup employees at Shirvano Consulting. This research uses quantitative methods by distributing questionnaires to respondents. The analytical test tool used in this study is SmartPLS v.3.0 with SEM analysis method. The results of data analysis in this study are: (1) Transformational leadership has a significant negative effect on organizational cynicism; (2) Organizational culture has no significant negative effect on organizational cynicism; (3) Organizational cynicism has a significant negative effect on organizational commitment; (4) Transformational leadership has no significant positive effect on organizational commitment; (5) Organizational culture has no significant positive effect on organizational commitment; (6) Transformational leadership has no significant positive effect on organizational commitment mediated by organizational cynicism; and (7) Organizational culture has a significant positive effect on organizational commitment mediated by organizational cynicism. Three hypotheses are accepted, while the other four hypotheses are rejected. The implication of the theory is to contribute to increase organizational commitment by considering aspects of transformational leadership and organizational culture by the mediating effect of organizational cynicism. The managerial implication is that companies or organizations can implement strategies and policies related to these four aspects.
References
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Al-Quraan. (2016). Impact of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Commitment : Case Study at Jordan Ahli Bank. European Journal of Business and Management. 8 (31), 145-156
Anderson, L.M., & Bateman, T.S. (1997). Cynicism in the workplace: Some causes and effects. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 18 (5), 449-469.
Athar. (2020). The Influence of Organizational Culture on Organizational Commitment Post Pandemic Covid-19. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding. 7 (5), 148-157
Atwater, L. E., Waldman, D. A., Atwater, D., & Cartier, P. (2000). An Upward Feedback Field Experiment: Supervisors' Cynicism, Reactions and Commitment to Subordinates. Personnel Psychology. 53(2), 275-297.
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Bungin, B. (2005). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif. Jakarta: Prenadamedia.
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Kesen, M., & Ergun, E. (2014). The Effects of Human Resource Management Practices and Organizational Culture Types on Organizational Cynicism: An empirical study in Turkey. British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences. 17 (I), 1659-1670.
Khan, M, A. (2014). Organizational cynicism and employee turnover intention: Evidence from banking sector in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences. 8. (1), 30-41.
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Mousa. (2017). Organizational Cynicism and Organizational Commitment in Egyptian Public Primary Education: When Spring Yields Black Flowers. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review. 6 (9), 4-19.
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Sahini, S., & Yüksel. (2017). The Relationship Between Organizational Cynicism and Organizational Commitment. European Journal of Education Studies. 3 (8), 289-311.
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Wageeh & Kaifi. (2013). The Impact of Organizational Cynicism on Organizational Commitment: An applied Study on Teaching Hospitals in Egypt. European Journal of Business and Management. 6 (12), 131-147.
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Abdullah, W, H. (2015). Partial Least Square (PLS). Penerbit Andi. Yogyakarta.
Abraham, R. (2000). Organizational cynicism: Bases and consequences. Genetic, Social & General Psychology Monographs. 126 (3), 269– 92.
Afnan, E., Rini, R., Nafita, S., & Armanu. (2016). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja dan Komitmen Organisasional Terhadap Intention to Leave Pada Karyawan Produksi Mitra Produksi Sigaret (MPS) Ngoro_Jombang. Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen, 3 (1), 54-64
Aghayan & Rastegar. (2012). Impacts of Organizational Culture on Organizational Commitment. Journal of Human Resource Management and Development (JHRMD). 2 (2), 1-13.
Allen & Meyer. (1991). The Measurement and Antecedents of Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment to the Organizational. Journal of Occupational Psychology. 63 (1), 1- 18.
Allen & Meyer. (1997), Commitment in The Workplace: Theory Research and Application. California: Sage Publications
Al-Quraan. (2016). Impact of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Commitment : Case Study at Jordan Ahli Bank. European Journal of Business and Management. 8 (31), 145-156
Anderson, L.M., & Bateman, T.S. (1997). Cynicism in the workplace: Some causes and effects. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 18 (5), 449-469.
Athar. (2020). The Influence of Organizational Culture on Organizational Commitment Post Pandemic Covid-19. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding. 7 (5), 148-157
Atwater, L. E., Waldman, D. A., Atwater, D., & Cartier, P. (2000). An Upward Feedback Field Experiment: Supervisors' Cynicism, Reactions and Commitment to Subordinates. Personnel Psychology. 53(2), 275-297.
Avolio., Bruce J., Bersona., & Yair. (1999), Transformasional Leadership and The Dissemination of organizational Goals: A Case Study of Telecomunication Firm. The Leadership Quarterly. 15 (4), 625-646.
Badeni. (2013). Kepemimpinan & Perilaku Organisasi (edisi kesatu). Bandung: Alfabeta.
Bass, B. (2006). Transformational Leadership. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Bungin, B. (2005). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif. Jakarta: Prenadamedia.
Chin, W, W. (1998). The Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modeling. Dalam G. A. Marcoulides, Modern Methods For Business Research (hal. 295-336). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
Colquitt, J, A., LePine, J, A., & Wesson, M, J. (2009). Organizational behavior: Improving performance and commitment in the workplace. United States: McGraw-Hill
Daniels, T, D & Qian, Y. (2008). A communication model of employee cynicism toward organizational change. Corporate Communications An International Journal. 13 (3), 319-332.
Dean, J., Brandes, P., & Dharwadkar, R. (1998). Organizational cynicism.The Academy of Management Review. 23 (2), 341-352.
Decelles, K., Faye, T., & Paul, E. (2013). A Field Investigation of Multilevel Cynicism Toward Change. Organization Science. 24 (1), 154-171.
Delken, M. (2004). Organizational cynicism: A study among call centers; A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Economics University of Maastricht.
Duli, N. (2019). Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif: Beberapa Konsep Dasar Untuk Penulisan Skripsi & Analisa Data dengan SPSS. Yogyakarta : Grup Penerbitan CV BUDI UTAMA
Edy, S. (2015). Budaya Organisasi. Jakarta: Prenada Media.
Ghozali, I. (2012). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS. Yogyakarta: Universitas Diponegoro.
Ghozali, I. (2014). Structural Equation Modelling, Metode Alternatif dengan PLS. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Gujarati, D. (2004). Basic Econometrics (Ekonometrika Dasar). Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.
Gulluce, E, K., Sultan, B.K., & Metin, A. (2016). The Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment: A Study on the Bank Employees. Journal of Service Science and Management. 9 (3), 263-275.
Gulluce. (2018). The Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment: A Study on the Bank Employees. Educational Management Administration & Leadership. 40(4) 494–508.
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, M. (2011). PLS - sem: Indeed a silver bullet. The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice. 19 (2), 139 - 151.
Hartog & De, J. (1997). How leaders influence employees innovative behaviour. European Journal of Innovation Management. 10(1), 41-64
Hasibuan, M, S, P. (2013). Manajemen Dasar, Pengertian, dan Masalah,Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Herlina, V. (2019). Panduan Praktis Mengolah Data Kuesioner Menggunakan SPSS. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo.
Hikmawati, F. (2017). Metodologi Penelitian. Depok: Rajawali Pers
Iensufiie, T. (2010). Leadership Untuk Profesional dan Mahasiswa. Jakarta: Erlangga
Jantzi, L. (2003). Transformational Leadership. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
Kendra, C. (2013), “What is Transformational Leadership? How Transformasional Leadership Inspire”. About.com Guide. (Diakses pada tanggal 10 Desember 2020). http://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/a/transformational.htm
Kesen, M., & Ergun, E. (2014). The Effects of Human Resource Management Practices and Organizational Culture Types on Organizational Cynicism: An empirical study in Turkey. British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences. 17 (I), 1659-1670.
Khan, M, A. (2014). Organizational cynicism and employee turnover intention: Evidence from banking sector in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences. 8. (1), 30-41.
Kharis. (2015). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Motivasi Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi Pada Karyawan Bank Jatim Cabang Malang). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis (JAB). 3 (1), 1-9.
Khasawneh, S., Aieman, O., & Abdullah, M. (2012). The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Commitment: The Case for Vocational Teachers in Jordan, Educational Management Administration & Leadership. 40 (4), 494-508.
Khoirusmadi. (2011). Analisis Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional terhadap Kinerja Pegawai dengan Budaya Organisasi sebagai Variabel Interventing (Studi pada Sekretariat Daerah Pemerintah Kota Pekalongan). Skripsi Manajemen. Fakultas Ekonomi. Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang
Konakli, T., Gökçe, Ö., & Salih, Ç. (2013). Impact of school managers ‘altruist behaviors upon organizational cynicism: The case of Kocaeli, Turkey. Academic Journal. 8 (24), 2317-2324
Kreitner, R., & Kinicki, A. (2001). Organizational Behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill Heiger Education.
Lund, D, B. (2003). Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction, Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing. 18 (3), 219-236.
Luthans, F. (2006). Perilaku Organisasi Edisi 10 Bahasa Indonesia. Penerbit Andi: Yogyakarta.
Mas’ud, F. (2004). Survey Diagnosis Organisasional. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Mathis, J. (2015). Human Resources Management. USA: Cengange Learning.
McShane, S, L., & Von G, M, A. (2005). Organizational Behavior.3e. McGraw Hill – Irwin.
Mousa. (2017). Organizational Cynicism and Organizational Commitment in Egyptian Public Primary Education: When Spring Yields Black Flowers. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review. 6 (9), 4-19.
Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (2010). Employee-Organization Linkages. Texas: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Nafei. (2013). Examining the Relationship between Organizational Cynicism and Organizational Change: A Study from Egyptian Context. Journal of Business Administration Research. 2 (2), 1-12.
Netemeyer, R, G., Boles, J, S., & McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of workfamily conflict and family-work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology. 81(4), 400- 410.
Notoatmodjo, S. (2010). Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan. Jakarta : Rineka Cipta.
Novitasari. (2020). Improving Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: Analysis of the Effects of the Principal Transformational Leadership. Dinamika Pendidikan. 15 (2) 172-189
O’Leary, E. (2001). Kepemimpinan. Edisi Pertama. Yogyakarta : Andi.
Özler, E, D., Atalay, G, C., & Şahin, D, M., (2010). “Örgütlerde Sinizm Güvensizlikle Mi Bulaşır?”, Organizasyon ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi. 2(2), 47-57.
Reichers, A, E., Wanous, J, P., & Austin, J, T. (1997). Understanding and Managing Cynicism about Organizational Change. The Academy of Management Executive. 11 (1), 48-59.
Rivai, V., & Mulyadi, D. (2012), Kepemimpinan dan Perilaku Organisasi. Edisi Ketiga. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada
Robbins & Judge. (2011). Perilaku Organisasi (Edisi 12). Jakarta: Salemba Empat
Robbins, S, P. (2013). Perilaku Organisasi Edisi 10. Jakarta: PT Indeks Kelompok Gramedia.
Robert, K., & Angelo, K. (2017). Organizational Behavior. Seventh Edition. McGraw-Hill.
Sadigh. (2016). The effect of transformational leadership style and organizational culture on the formation of organizational cynicism in the Agricultural Bank of Tehran. Iran: Management Science Letters. 6 (4), 443-545.
Sahini, S., & Yüksel. (2017). The Relationship Between Organizational Cynicism and Organizational Commitment. European Journal of Education Studies. 3 (8), 289-311.
Sana, R., Akhtar, S., Naseer, Z., & Haider, M. (2013). Impact of Organizational Culture on Organizational Commitment: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Organizations. Research Journal of Recent Sciences. 2 (5), 1-8.
Sarhana, N., Ayman, H., Fayiz, S., & Mohammad, A. (2019). The effect of organizational culture on the organizational commitment: Evidence from hotel industry. Management Science Letter. 10 (1), 183-196.
Schermerhorn., Osborn., Hunt., & Uhl-Bien. (2011). Organizational Behavior. USA : Wiley.
Sekaran, U. (2011). Research Methods For Business (Metode Penelitian Untuk Bisnis). Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Sheela, R, C., & Vohra, N. (2016). Relationship between perceptions of corporate social responsibility and organizational cynicism: the role of employee volunteering. The International Journal of Human Resource Management. 27 (13), 1373-1392.
Shirvano. (2019). Membangun Shirvano. https://medium.com/life-at-shirvano/membangun-shirvano-68eb77d50cea (diakses pada tanggal 11 Desember 2020)
Shoaib, C., Akhtar., & Zainab, N. (2013). Impact of Organizational Culture on Organizational Commitment: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Organizations. Research Journal of Recent Sciences. 2 (5), 1-8.
Sirin, Y, E., Özge, A., & Fatma, P, B. (2018). Transformational-Transactional Leadership and Organizational Cynicism Perception: Physical Education and Sport Teachers Sample. Universal Journal of Educational Research. 6 (9), 2008-2018.
Soetopo. (2012). Perilaku Organisasi. Bandung : Remaja Rosdakarya.
Suana, I, W., & Mustikawati, R. (2018). Pengaruh Sinisme Organisasi dan Keadilan Organisasi Terhadap Komitmen Organisasional. 7 (5), 2380-2409.
Sugiyono. (2016). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. CV Alphabeta, Bandung.
Suryani, E., & Novita, A. (2018). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Budaya Organisasional Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening. E-Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Udayana. 13 (2), 274-295.
Susanto, H., & Nuraini, A. (2010). Analisis Pengaruh Kepemimpinan dan Budaya Kerja dengan Motivasi Sebagai Variabel Intervening Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Kebumen. Magistra. 74 (22), 35-37.
Sutrisno, E. (2010). Budaya Organisasi. Jakarta: Kencana.
Terzi, A, R., & Dulker, A, P. (2016). An Analysis Of The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Organizational Cynicism. Universal Journal of Educational Research. 7 (9), 437-451.
Thomas, J, R., & Nelson. (2010). Research Methods in Physical Activity. Human Kinetics.
Wageeh & Kaifi. (2013). The Impact of Organizational Cynicism on Organizational Commitment: An applied Study on Teaching Hospitals in Egypt. European Journal of Business and Management. 6 (12), 131-147.
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2021-09-20
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