Good Corporate Governance And Financial Performance On Capital Adequacy Ratio: A Reflection Of Indonesian Conventional Banking
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Published:
Sep 27, 2021
Keywords:
GCG, NPL, NIM, ROA, LDR, CAR
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of good corporate governance, as well as financial performance as measured by non-performing loans, net interest margin, return on assets, and loan to deposit ratios, on the capital adequacy ratio of conventional banking in the period 2015-2019, using data from the Federal Reserve. The composite value of banking self-assessment is the indicator that was utilized to determine good corporate governance in the context of this study. The quantitative approach used in this study was combined with secondary data. Purposive sampling was used in this study to select a sample of 35 banks, which was then analyzed. The findings revealed that GCG, NPL, ROA, and LDR had no impact on CAR. This occurs because the revenues obtained by the bank are used to mitigate the bank's operational risk, and so have no effect on the bank's capital adequacy ratio (CAR). The NIM has a negative and statistically significant effect on the CAR. This is due to the fact that the NIM indicates that the quantity of loans granted is increasing, implying that the risk faced by the bank is also increasing.
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Copyright (c) 2021 Yuli Agustina, Agung Winarno, Ariska Dyan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Choerudin, A., Yuniatun, E., & Kusdiasmo, B. (2016). Pengaruh Non Perfoming Loan (NPL) dan Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) terhadap Return on Asset (ROA) dengan Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi Pada Bank Umum yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode Tahun 2012-2015). ProBank, Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Perbankan, 2(2), 28–47.
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Hadjixenophontos, A., & Christodoulou-Volos, C. (2018). Financial Crisis and Capital Adequacy Ratio: A Case Study for Cypriot Commercial Banks. Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, 8(3), 87–109. http://www.scienpress.com/Upload/JAFB/Vol 8_3_6.pdf
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Lestari, L., Chandrarin, G., & Assih, P. (2018). Effect of Ownership Structure and Corporate Governance to Risk Management and Implications Ontario Banking Performance. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 20(7), 11–21. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.9790/487X-2007031121
Margaretha, F., Setiyaningrum, D., & Prasojo, P. (2015). Pengaruh Resiko, Kualitas Manajemen, Ukuran dan Likuiditas Bank terhadap Capital Adequacy Ratio Bank-Bank yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 13(1), 59–69. https://doi.org/10.9744/jak.13.1.47-56
Mekonnen, Y. (2015). Determinants of Capital Adequacy of Ethiopia Commercial Banks. European Scientific Journal, 11(25), 315–331. https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/6222
Natasia, R. (2014). Pengaruh Risiko Kredit, Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, dan Efisiensi Usaha Terhadap Kecukupan Modal Pada Bank Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2010-2014. Jurnal Akuntansi AKUNESA, 3(3), 1–24.
Pastory, D., & Mutaju, M. (2013). The Influence of Capital Adequacy on Asset Quality Position of Banks in Tanzania. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 5(2), 179–194. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v5n2p179
Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 11/25/PBI/2009 tentang perubahan atas peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 5/8/PBI/2003 tentang Penerapan Manajemen Risiko bagi Bank Umum. (Online) (https://www.ojk.go.id/id/kanal/perbankan/regulasi/peraturan-bank-indonesia/Pages/peraturan-bank-indonesia-nomor-11-25-pbi-2009.aspx#:~:text=3.%20Bank%20Umum%20Konvensional%20wajib,risiko%20stratejik%2C%20dan%20risiko%20kepatuhan.). Diakses 10 Oktober 2020
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Permatasari, I., & Novitasary, R. (2014). Pengaruh Implementasi Good Corporate Governance terhadap Permodalan dan Kinerja Perbankan di Indonesia: Manajemen Risiko Sebagai Variabel Intervening. Jurnal Ekonomi Kuantitatif Terapan, 7(1).
Prasojo. (2015). Pengaruh Penerapan Good Corporate Governance terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Bank Syariah. Jurnal Dinamika Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 2(1), 59–69. https://doi.org/10.24815/jdab.v2i1.3613
Priyatno, D. (2017). SPSS 22: Pengelolaan Data Terpraktis (A. Prabawati (ed.)). Andi Offset.
Purwanto, W. (2011). Resiko Manajemen Perbankan. Jakarta: CMB Press.
Putri, N., & Dana, I. (2018a). Pengaruh NPL, Likuiditas, dan Rentabilitas Terhadap CAR Pada BPR Konvensional Skala Nasional di Indonesia. E-Jurnal Manajemen Unud, 7(4), 1862–1891. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24843/EJMUNUD.2018.v7.i04.p06
Putri, N., & Dana, I. (2018b). Pengaruh NPL, Likuiditas, dan Rentabilitas Terhadap CAR Pada BPR Konvensional Skala Nasional di Indonesia. E-Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Udayana, 7(4), 1862–1891. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJMUNUD.2018.v07.i04.p06
Rehman, M., Rehman, R., & Raoof, A. (2010). Does Corporate Governance Lead to a Change in The Capital Structure? American Journal of Social and Management Sciences, 1(2), 191–195. https://doi.org/10.5251/ajsms.2010.1.2.191.195
Repi, S., Murni, S., & Adare, D. (2016). Faktor Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Nilai Perusahaan Subsektor Perbankan Pada BEI Dalam Menghadapi MEA. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 4(1). Dari https://doi.org/ttps://doi.org/10.35794/emba.v4i1.11585
Rianto, L., & Salim, S. (2020). Pengaruh ROA, LDR, NIM, dan NPL Terhadap Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). Jurnal Multiparadigma Akuntansi Tarumanagara, 2(3), 1114–1122. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jpa.v2i3.9537
Riyadi, S. (2006). Banking Assets and Liability Management Edisi Ketiga. Lembaga Penerbit Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Indonesia.
Sari, M., & Monica, D. (2016). Pengaruh Non Performing Loan (NPL), Loan To Deposit Ration (LDR), Dan Biaya Operasional Terhadap Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO),Terhadap Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) Pada Perusahaan Perbankan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia 2010-2015. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi & Bisnis, 16(1), 71–93. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30596%2Fjrab.v16i1.1765
Thoa, P., & Anh, N. (2017). The Determinants of Capital Adequacy Ratio: The Case of the Vietnamese Banking System in the Period 2011-2015. VNU Journal of Science: Economics and Business, 33(2), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.25073/2588-1108/vnueab.4070
Triyuwono, E. (2018). Proses Kontrak, Teori Agensi dan Corporate Governance. Dari https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322487689_Proses_Kontrak_Teori_Agensi_dan_Corporate_Governance
Tumewu, R., & Alexander, S. (2013). Pengaruh Penerapan Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Profitabilitas Pada Perusahaan Perbankan yang terdaftar di BEI Periode 2009-2013. 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32400/ja.4943.3.1.2014.77-85
Wardiah, M. (2013). Dasar - Dasar Perbankan. Bandung: Pustaka Setia.
Anjani, D., & Purnawati, N. (2014). Pengaruh Non-Performing Loans (NPL), Likuiditas dan Rentabilitas Terhadap Rasio Kecukupan Modal. E-Jurnal Manajemen Unud, 3(4), 1140–1155. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748905929
Arifin, Z. (2005). Teori Keuangan & Pasar Modal. Yogyakarta: Ekonisia.
Cahyono, H., & Anggraeni. (2015). Pengaruh likuiditas, kualitas aktiva, sensitivitas pasar, efisiensi, dan profitabilitas terhadap CAR pada bank devisa yang go public. Journal of Business & Banking, 5(1), 113. https://doi.org/10.14414/jbb.v5i1.476
Chitan, G. (2012). Corporate Governance and Bank Performance in the Romanian Banking Sector. Procedia Economics and Finance, 3(12), 549–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(12)00194-3
Choerudin, A., Yuniatun, E., & Kusdiasmo, B. (2016). Pengaruh Non Perfoming Loan (NPL) dan Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) terhadap Return on Asset (ROA) dengan Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi Pada Bank Umum yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode Tahun 2012-2015). ProBank, Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Perbankan, 2(2), 28–47.
Dao, B. T. T., & Nguyen, K. A. (2020). Bank Capital Adequacy Ratio and Bank Performance in Vietnam: A Simultaneous Equations Framework. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(6), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no6.039
Darmawi, H. (2014). Manajemen Perbankan. PT Bumi Aksara.
Dewi, A. R., & Yadnya, I. P. (2018). Pengaruh Size, Likuiditas, Risiko Kredit dan Rentabilitas Terhadap Rasio Kecukupan Modal. E-Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Udayana, 7(7), 3502. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJMUNUD.2018.v07.i07.p03
Fatra, S., Mardani, R., & Wahono, B. (2020). Pengaruh Non Performing Loan (NPL), Likuiditas, Rentabilitas, dan Efisiensi Operasional Terhadap Rasio Kecukupan Modal (Studi Kasus Pada Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2017-2019). Jurnal Ilmiah Riset Manajemen, 9(1), 131–147. http://riset.unisma.ac.id/index.php/jrm/article/view/6955
Fauzi, A., Marundha, A., Setyawan, I., Syarief, F., Harianto, R. A., & Pramukty, R. (2020). Analisis Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) dan Penilaian Tingkat Kesehatan Bank Pada PT. Bank Syariah XXX. JMBI UNSRAT (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Bisnis Dan Inovasi Universitas Sam Ratulangi)., 7(1), 114–127. Dari https://doi.org/10.35794/jmbi.v7i1.28392.
Ghozali, I. (2016). Desain Penelitian Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif untuk Akuntansi, Bisnis dan Ilmu Sosial Lainnya. Yoga Pratama.
Ghozali, I. (2018). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program IBM SPSS 25 Ed. 9 (9th ed.). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hadjixenophontos, A., & Christodoulou-Volos, C. (2018). Financial Crisis and Capital Adequacy Ratio: A Case Study for Cypriot Commercial Banks. Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, 8(3), 87–109. http://www.scienpress.com/Upload/JAFB/Vol 8_3_6.pdf
Hamidah, Mahdiyyah, R., & Mardiyati, U. (2021). Pengaruh NPL, NIM, BOPO, LDR, dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) Pada Bank Umum Swasta Nasional Devisa di Indonesia Periode 2014 – 2018. Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sains Indonesia (JRMSI), 12(1), 167–190. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.21009/JRMSI.012.1.09
Harahap, S. (2010). Analisis Kritis atas Laporan Keuangan. Rajagrafindo Persada.
Hengkeng, J., Walewangko, E., & A, N. (2018). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Capital Adequacy Ratio Bank Sulut-Go Tahun 2002.I - 2017.IV. Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Efisiensi, 18(4), 84–95.
Kasmir. (2014). Bank dan Lembaga Keuangan lainnya. Rajawali Pers.
Lestari, L., Chandrarin, G., & Assih, P. (2018). Effect of Ownership Structure and Corporate Governance to Risk Management and Implications Ontario Banking Performance. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 20(7), 11–21. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.9790/487X-2007031121
Margaretha, F., Setiyaningrum, D., & Prasojo, P. (2015). Pengaruh Resiko, Kualitas Manajemen, Ukuran dan Likuiditas Bank terhadap Capital Adequacy Ratio Bank-Bank yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 13(1), 59–69. https://doi.org/10.9744/jak.13.1.47-56
Mekonnen, Y. (2015). Determinants of Capital Adequacy of Ethiopia Commercial Banks. European Scientific Journal, 11(25), 315–331. https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/6222
Natasia, R. (2014). Pengaruh Risiko Kredit, Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, dan Efisiensi Usaha Terhadap Kecukupan Modal Pada Bank Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2010-2014. Jurnal Akuntansi AKUNESA, 3(3), 1–24.
Pastory, D., & Mutaju, M. (2013). The Influence of Capital Adequacy on Asset Quality Position of Banks in Tanzania. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 5(2), 179–194. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v5n2p179
Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 11/25/PBI/2009 tentang perubahan atas peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 5/8/PBI/2003 tentang Penerapan Manajemen Risiko bagi Bank Umum. (Online) (https://www.ojk.go.id/id/kanal/perbankan/regulasi/peraturan-bank-indonesia/Pages/peraturan-bank-indonesia-nomor-11-25-pbi-2009.aspx#:~:text=3.%20Bank%20Umum%20Konvensional%20wajib,risiko%20stratejik%2C%20dan%20risiko%20kepatuhan.). Diakses 10 Oktober 2020
Peraturan Bank Indonesia. Nomor 15/12/PBI/2013. Tentang Kewajiban Penyediaan Modal Minimum. (Online) (https://www.ojk.go.id/id/kanal/perbankan/regulasi/peraturan-bank-indonesia/Documents/1.pdf). Diakses 10 Oktober 2020.
Permatasari, I., & Novitasary, R. (2014). Pengaruh Implementasi Good Corporate Governance terhadap Permodalan dan Kinerja Perbankan di Indonesia: Manajemen Risiko Sebagai Variabel Intervening. Jurnal Ekonomi Kuantitatif Terapan, 7(1).
Prasojo. (2015). Pengaruh Penerapan Good Corporate Governance terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Bank Syariah. Jurnal Dinamika Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 2(1), 59–69. https://doi.org/10.24815/jdab.v2i1.3613
Priyatno, D. (2017). SPSS 22: Pengelolaan Data Terpraktis (A. Prabawati (ed.)). Andi Offset.
Purwanto, W. (2011). Resiko Manajemen Perbankan. Jakarta: CMB Press.
Putri, N., & Dana, I. (2018a). Pengaruh NPL, Likuiditas, dan Rentabilitas Terhadap CAR Pada BPR Konvensional Skala Nasional di Indonesia. E-Jurnal Manajemen Unud, 7(4), 1862–1891. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24843/EJMUNUD.2018.v7.i04.p06
Putri, N., & Dana, I. (2018b). Pengaruh NPL, Likuiditas, dan Rentabilitas Terhadap CAR Pada BPR Konvensional Skala Nasional di Indonesia. E-Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Udayana, 7(4), 1862–1891. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJMUNUD.2018.v07.i04.p06
Rehman, M., Rehman, R., & Raoof, A. (2010). Does Corporate Governance Lead to a Change in The Capital Structure? American Journal of Social and Management Sciences, 1(2), 191–195. https://doi.org/10.5251/ajsms.2010.1.2.191.195
Repi, S., Murni, S., & Adare, D. (2016). Faktor Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Nilai Perusahaan Subsektor Perbankan Pada BEI Dalam Menghadapi MEA. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 4(1). Dari https://doi.org/ttps://doi.org/10.35794/emba.v4i1.11585
Rianto, L., & Salim, S. (2020). Pengaruh ROA, LDR, NIM, dan NPL Terhadap Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). Jurnal Multiparadigma Akuntansi Tarumanagara, 2(3), 1114–1122. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jpa.v2i3.9537
Riyadi, S. (2006). Banking Assets and Liability Management Edisi Ketiga. Lembaga Penerbit Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Indonesia.
Sari, M., & Monica, D. (2016). Pengaruh Non Performing Loan (NPL), Loan To Deposit Ration (LDR), Dan Biaya Operasional Terhadap Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO),Terhadap Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) Pada Perusahaan Perbankan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia 2010-2015. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi & Bisnis, 16(1), 71–93. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30596%2Fjrab.v16i1.1765
Thoa, P., & Anh, N. (2017). The Determinants of Capital Adequacy Ratio: The Case of the Vietnamese Banking System in the Period 2011-2015. VNU Journal of Science: Economics and Business, 33(2), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.25073/2588-1108/vnueab.4070
Triyuwono, E. (2018). Proses Kontrak, Teori Agensi dan Corporate Governance. Dari https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322487689_Proses_Kontrak_Teori_Agensi_dan_Corporate_Governance
Tumewu, R., & Alexander, S. (2013). Pengaruh Penerapan Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Profitabilitas Pada Perusahaan Perbankan yang terdaftar di BEI Periode 2009-2013. 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32400/ja.4943.3.1.2014.77-85
Wardiah, M. (2013). Dasar - Dasar Perbankan. Bandung: Pustaka Setia.